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Online FirstList of IssuesDocument Types
- Abstract：Objective: To explore the correlation between the content of chemical components and effect index in the intestinal absorption fluid of Ephedrae Herba-Armeniacae Semen Amarum with different proportions,and clarify the material basis and mechanism of the medicine pair.Method: The U6(64) uniform design was used to arrange the proportions of this medicine pair,the major differential components in intestinal absorption fluid of this medicine pair and their contents were analyzed by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS.Effect of intestinal absorption fluid containing drug on diastolic rate of tracheal ring in rats and the content of interleukin-2 (IL-2),IL-4,tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the rat tissue was investigated.The correlation between the effect index and the main component content was analyzed by multiple linear regression.Result: After being analyzed by the least squares regression,the significant difference components found by variable importance in the projection (VIP)>1.5 were norephedrine (X1),pseudoephedrine (X2),methyl ephedrine (X3) and amygdalin (X4).The medicine pair can obviously relieve the bronchial ring (Y1),increase content of IL-2 (Y2),decrease contents of IL-4 (Y3) and TNF-α (Y4) in the tissue.Taking contents of major differential components as independent variables (X),effect index as dependent variables (Y),regression equations were obtained as follows:Y1=-4 810.119X1+3 516.816X2-2 663.871X3-81.310X4+33.562(r=0.937), Y2=4 203.354X1-2 567.853X2+1 445.790X3+47.460X4+237.192(r=0.996), Y3=587.549X1-456.975X2+366.365X3+6.239X4+27.519(r=0.951),Y4=-21 958.981X1-35 885.568X2+40 943.441X3+944.167X4+4 465.528(r=0.968).Conclusion: Main material bases of Ephedrae Herba-Armeniacae Semen Amarum on asthma are norephedrine,pseudoephedrine,methyl ephedrine and amygdalin,its antiasthmatic mechanism is related to bidirectional regulating airway function of each effect component, changes in IL-4,IL-2 and TNF-α content and so on.Keywords：Ephedrae Herba-Armeniacae Semen Amarum;medicine pair;intestinal absorption fluid;material basis;mechanism of action;pseudoephedrine;amygdalin33|44|6<HTML><L-PDF>Updated：2024-01-04
- Abstract：Objective: A near-infrared method for determining the uniformity of micro-borneol in the production process of compound Danshen tablets was investigated.Method: The raw materials required for the mixing process were collected and prepared into different fractions according to a certain ratio,two ways of grinding and spraying were used to mix borneol into the dry extract.Uniform samples were sampled at different locations,the samples were scanned by near-infrared, and their thresholds and Euclidean distance parameters were calculated.The content of borneol in each sample was detected by GC.Result: When the threshold or the Euclidean distance was <0.01,GC results showed that RSD of borneol content was <10%,indicating that the borneol was uniformly mixed.When the threshold or the Euclidean distance was >0.01,GC results showed that RSD of borneol content was >30%,indicating that the borneol was mixed unevenly.Conclusion: The established method can effectively and quickly determine the uniformity of borneol mixing in compound Danshen tablets,it is recommended to be incorporated into internal control or national standards.Keywords：compound Danshen tablets;borneol;uniformity;threshold;Euclidean distance;gas chromatography;near-infrared spectroscopy23|43|7<HTML><L-PDF>Updated：2024-01-04
- Abstract：Objective: To establish an objective and quantitative method for the determination of optimum processing time of Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma stir-fried with bran,and to provide scientific basis for the standardization of processing technology of Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma and improving quality standards of this decoction pieces.At the same time,this study can provide reference for establishment of determining processing time of other Chinese medicinal decoction pieces.Method: Based on the principle of colorimetric analysis,the color space parameters of L*,a* and b* (L* indicates brightness,a* indicates red and green color value,and b* indicates yellow and blue color value) were introduced,and CM-5 color difference meter was used for objective quantification of color of Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma stir-fried with bran.SPSS 21.0 statistical software was used to establish mathematical discrimination model and bilateral 90% reference range of different processing time of this decoction pieces.Result: A mathematical discriminant model based on color space parameters of L* and b* for different processing time of Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma stir-fried with bran was established (the coincidence rate was 100%) and bilateral 90% reference range was determined.The optimum processing time of this decoction pieces was 12 min,discriminant function (1) was processing time=0.675×L*+0.972×b*-49.365,the range of function values was 10.103 6-16.051 4;discriminant function (2) was processing time=0.884×L*-0.998×b*-11.277,the range of function values was -6.366 0-0.496 7.The bilateral 90% reference range is L* of 44.127 8-47.661 2 and b* of 30.674 5-34.112 3.Conclusion: Based on the color change can achieve the objective quantification discriminant of optimum processing time of Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma stir-fried with bran.Keywords：Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma;stir-fried with bran;color change;time discriminant;objective quantification;decoction pieces;chroma92|98|8<HTML><L-PDF>Updated：2024-01-04
- Abstract：Objective: To compare the effects of several pharmaceutic adjuvants(dextrine,amylum solubila,mannitol,microcrystalline cellulose) and their different proportions on the powder properties of Qingdu Xiaoyu granules,and to screen optimum granulating process of this granules.Method: Taking hygroscopicity,mobility,formability and dissolubility as indexes,powder research method was used to screen optimum pharmaceutic adjuvants and their proportions,on this basis,orthogonal test was used to optimize granulating process.Result: The optimum granulating process was mixing the extract with mixed pharmaceutic adjuvants of dextrine-mannitol(1:1)at 1:2,injecting 85% ethanol into the mixture with the amount of 13%.Under these conditions,the forming rate,angle of repose,equilibrium moisture absorption rate and dissolution rate of Qingdu Xiaoyu granules were 94.01%,33.72 degree,3.562% and 97.3% with RSD of 0.6%,1.6%,1.7% and 1.9%,respectively.Conclusion: The moisture blocking effect of mannitol is excellent,and the granules prepared by dextrine and mannitol has high mobility,high formability,high dissolubility and low hygroscopicity.In addition,mannitol can effectively improve the taste of the granules.The optimum granulating process is feasible,stable and suitable for industrial production.Keywords：Qingdu Xiaoyu prescription;granules;power properties;pharmaceutic adjuvants;mannitol;granulating process;dextrine28|64|3<HTML><L-PDF>Updated：2024-01-04
- Abstract：Objective: To discuss the function and effect on the application of β-cyclodextrin to mask the smell of stench in Hirudo raw powder.Method: GC analysis was used to test the inclusion effect of β-cyclodextrin on hexanal and trimethylamine,respectively.And dissolution changes of hexanal and trimethylamine in Hirudo raw powder before and after being treated with β-cyclodextrin were analyzed by GC.Result: Hexanal and trimethylamine were attributed to the main stench compounds in Hirudo raw powder,and their contents were 0.02,0.09 mg · g-1,respectively.Hexanal and trimethylamine were not detected in aqueous phases of hexanal inclusion complex with β-cyclodextrin,and only trace trimethylamine was detected in aqueous phases of trimethylamine inclusion complex with β-cyclodextrin.Meanwhile,both of free hexanal and trimethylamine were not detected in aqueous phases of mixed Hirudo powder by co-grinding with β-cyclodextrin.Conclusion: As representative of low molecular stench components,hexanal and trimethylamine can be efficiently included with β-cyclodextrin,and β-cyclodextrin can be applied as an odor masking agent to effectively mask unpleasant smells in traditional Chinese medicine preparations when added properly in the production.Keywords：Hirudo;gas chromatography;hexanal;trimethylamine;β-cyclodextrin;odor masking agent27|65|8<HTML><L-PDF>Updated：2024-01-04
- Abstract：Objective: Desiccative ripe fruits of Foeniculum vulgare,Cuminum cyminum,Anethum graveolens,Carum carvi,Cnidium monnieri and Saposhnikovia divaricata were used as the research objects,these fruits had similar appearance and they are easy to be confused, which will give rise to security risks.To develop a high resolution melting curve(HRM) analysis method in a fast and easy way targeted on the problem of identification of these medicinal materials.Method: Detection method and melting curve model was established for identification based on internal transcribed spacer 2(ITS2) region of the four spices and their common adulterants of C. monnieri fruit and S. divaricata fruit,there were 23 reference samples.Then the four spices (including 17 market samples) were collected form spice market,and they were identified if the species was compatible with the label by HRM.Result: The melting curves of the four spices and their adulterants had clear diversity.The two of the 17 market samples,N1 and N3,were potentially mislabeled,and their sequencing results showed that both were Cicuta virosa.Conclusion: HRM technology can realize the visual identification of common Umbelliferae spices and their adulterants,and it can be used as a powerful supplement of DNA barcoding technology.Keywords：Umbelliferae;spices;high resolution melting curve;internal transcribed spacer 2;DNA barcoding;visual identification;Foeniculi Fructus43|78|0<HTML><L-PDF>Updated：2024-01-04
- Abstract：Objective: To study on the genes related to the biosynthesis of diterpenoid in Tripterygium wilfordii,based on the transcriptome data,TwCYP88A1 gene was cloned from T. wilfordii suspension cells.Method: TwCYP88A1 was obtained by rapid amplification of cDNA ends(RACE).Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect the relative expression profile of TwCYP88A1 in different tissues of T. wilfordii.Result: The full-length cDNA of TwCYP88A1 was 1 594 bp encoding a polypeptide of 491 amino acids.The deduced isoelectric point (pI) was 9.16,a calculated relative molecular weight was about 55.957 kDa.It had active catalytic sites of cysteine hemoglobin ligand signal.Plant tissue expression analysis indicated that TwCYP88A1 expressed the highest in leaves,while lowest in roots.Conclusion: The full-length cDNA of TwCYP88A1 can be cloned from the suspension cells of T. wilfordii.Keywords：Tripterygium wilfordii;TwCYP88A1;tissue expression;polymerase chain reaction;suspension cells;neighbor-joining method;cytochrome P45027|68|2<HTML><L-PDF>Updated：2024-01-04
- Abstract：Objective: To realize the quantitative characterization of varied morphological structures in Saposhnikoviae Radix by programming, in order to provide technical support for the quantitative description of the microscopic identification characteristics of the Chinese herbal medicines.Method: According to the characteristics of the main structures in micrograph of the materials, digital image processing technology and MATLAB R2013a software programming were used for taking and encoding cross sectional micrographs of the materials; registration and stitching for each gray image were completed by template matching; edge detection was conducted for mosaic images using Canny operator; binarization and segmentation were made for microscopic characteristics to analyze the size, shape and number by basic morphological operation; distribution characterization was made for oil tubes and vessels using by hierarchical clustering; and discriminant analysis was performed for the data of the samples from four origins.Result: The main microscopic characteristics in the transverse section images of the materials, such as phellem, phloem, xylem, oil tubes and vessels, were respectively segmented into sub images; 20 parameters were extracted from the sub images, and 12 parameters of them were screened out by stepwise discriminant analysis. Through the discriminant analysis of the morphological parameters, the total accuracy of the sample discrimination was 91.4%.Conclusion: The method can accurately describe the fine differences of the transverse section tissues of the samples, which has certain reference significance for the microscopic identification of the medicinal materials from different origins.Keywords：Saposhnikoviae Radix;micrograph;MATLAB;edge detection;quantitative analysis34|86|4<HTML><L-PDF>Updated：2024-01-04
- Abstract：Objective: The root rot of Panax quinquefolium is related to the allelochemicals produced and secreted by itself, so it is to investigate the correlation between the occurrence of root rot and the accumulation of dencichine(β-N-oxalyl-L-α, β-diaminopropionate,β-ODAP) in P. quinquefolium.Method: Normal and root rot Panax quinquefolium in two to four years of growth with continuous cropping and stubble were collected from Jiashisen planting base, Liuba county, Hanzhong. Precolumn derivatization high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (FDNB) was used to determine the content change of β-ODAP in taproot and lateral root of P. quinquefolium.Result: The results showed that the content of β-ODAP in root rot disease was significantly higher than that in normal P. quinquefolium. The accumulation of β-ODAP in continuous cropping samples was significantly higher than that in the stubble samples. The content accumulation of β-ODAP in the normal P. quinquefolium was highest in three years samples, followed by two years samples, and lowest in four years samples. In contrast, the content accumulation of β-ODAP in root rot disease was highest in four years samples, followed by two years samples, and lowest in three years samples. There was significant differences in the accumulation of β-ODAP between the taproot and fibrous root, especially in two years and three years samples.Conclusion: The results showed that the content of β-ODAP in the continuous cropping P. quinquefolium was significantly higher than that in the raw stubble samples, and the content of β-ODAP in the root rot was significantly higher than that in the normal P. quinquefolium. The occurrence of P. quinquefolium root rot was positively correlated with the accumulation of β-ODAP in roots.Keywords：Panax quinquefolium;root rot disease;allelopathy;dencichine;HPLC31|65|5<HTML><L-PDF>Updated：2024-01-04
- Abstract：Objective: To establish a rapid analysis method for determining the contents of rehmaionoside A, rehmaionoside D and leonuride in Rehmanniae Radix.Method: Near-infrared spectra of six varieties of Rehmanniae Radix (108 samples) were obtained by near infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) technique. By using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method, the contents of rehmannioside A, rehmaionoside D and leonuride were detected and their values were correlated with the spectra information by using TQ Software. Then the quantitative models of rehmaionoside A, rehmaionoside D and leonuride in Rehmanniae Radix were built by partial least squares (PLS).Result: The correlation coefficients (R2) of the models was 0.924 67, 0.934 96 and 0.951 54; the root mean square error of calibration(RMSEC) was 0.016 6, 0.015 9 and 0.022 8; the root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) was 0.017 00, 0.007 86 and 0.012 50; the root mean square error of cross validation (RMSECV) was 0.032 13, 0.030 36 and 0.069 22; and the performance index (PI) was 92.5, 82.7 and 83.1 respectively. Besides, paired sample t-test showed that the P value of NIR and HPLC was 0.422, 0.549 and 0.131, all higher than 0.05, indicating that there was no significant difference between the two methods.Conclusion: The NIR method is accurate, rapid, and green. It can be used for quantitative analysis of rehmaionoside A, rehmaionoside D and leonuride in Rehmanniae Radix.Keywords：near infrared spectrum instrument;Rehmanniae Radix;rapid detection;partial least squares;rehmaionoside A;rehmaionoside D;leonuride21|63|7<HTML><L-PDF>Updated：2024-01-04
- Abstract：Objective: To develop a HPLC method for simultaneous determination of seven components (chiratin,loganin,loganic acid,chlorogenic acid,asperosaponin Ⅵ,dipsanoside A and dipsanoside B) in Dipsaci Radix,so as to provide scientific basis for the comprehensive quality evaluation and control of Dipsaci Radix.Method: Samples were analyzed on a Venusil HILIC column(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm),and eluted with the mobile phase of acetonitrile(A) and 0.1% phosphoric acid(B) with a linear gradient mode(0-20 min,95% A;20-40 min,95%-87% A;40-64 min, 87%-84% A;64-65 min,84%-78% A;65-80 min,78%-77% A),the flow rate of the mobile phase was 1.0 mL ·min-1 with the column temperature of 30℃,and the detection wavelengths were set at 235 nm and 212 nm,respectively.Result: These seven components were well separated and showed good linearity(r ≥ 0.999 9) within the concentration ranges tested,the mean recoveries were 99.11%-102.24% with the RSD between 0.2%-1.5%.The content of asperosaponin Ⅵ in 13 samples conformed to standard in the 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia,but the content of the seven components in each sample showed a great differences.Conclusion: The method is simple,accurate and repeatable,it can be used for the determination of multiple components in Dipsaci Radix.Keywords：Dipsaci Radix;iridoids;chlorogenic acid;asperosaponin Ⅵ;correlation analysis;decoction pieces;chiratin42|129|1<HTML><L-PDF>Updated：2024-01-04
- Abstract：Objective: To establish the HPLC fingerprint of bioflavonoids in Selaginella doederleinii from different origins, and cluster analysis and principal component analysis are made, in order to evaluate the quality of S. doederleinii.Method: Dikma Diamons C18 column(4.6 mm×150 mm, 5 μm) was adopted and eluted in a gradient mode, with acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid solution as the mobile phase. The column temperature was 25℃; the flow rate of the mobile phase was 0.6 mL · min-1; the detection wavelength was 330 nm, and the injection volume was 10 μL. The fingerprints of 10 batches of S. doederleinii were further evaluated by chemometric methods. The similarity was analyzed with 'Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of Chinese medicine'(2004A), and the hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) were performed by SPSS 17.0.Result: The relative standard deviations of the methodology were <2.0%, indicating a goodprecision of the instruments, a high samplestability within 24 hours and a high accuracy of the method. There were 9 common peaks; and three chemical components were identified as amentoflavone, ginkgetin and hinokiflavone by comparing with control products. The similarity degrees of the 10 batches of samples were more than 0.850,indicatinga good consistency for all of the samples from different origins. The samples were divided into three categoriesby HCA. The first category is those from Chongqing and Sichuan, the second category is from Guizhou, andthe third category is from Guangxi. The accumulative variance contribution was 98.096% for two principal components.Conclusion: The method features a high precision, good repeatability and easy operation, and can provide reference for the quality evaluation of S. doederleinii.Keywords：Selaginella doederleinii;bioflavonoids;HPLC fingerprint;cluster analysis;principal component analysis27|53|1<HTML><L-PDF>Updated：2024-01-04
Correlation Analysis of Heavy Metals and Index Components in Traditional Chinese Medicinal Materials
Abstract：A total of 525 batches of 12 traditional Chinese medicinal materials were collected from 11 provinces through the fourth national survey on Chinese materia medica resources. According to the determination method in the 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia about Pb, Cd, As, Hg, Cu heavy metal elements and index components, the contents of heavy metal elements and index components in 525 batches of Chinese medicinal materials were tested. The correlation of heavy metals in different parts of the Chinese medicinal materials and the correlation between single index components and heavy metals were analyzed by SPSS 22.0.The results indicated that the four metal elements of Pb, As, Cu and Cd in roots and rhizomes herbs were significantly positively correlated with each other; the four metal elements of Pb, As, Cu and Hg in whole herbs were significantly positively correlated with each other; but only three metal elements were positively correlated with each other in the fruit type Chinese medicinal herbs represented by Ligustri Lucidi Fructus and leaf type medicinal herbs represented by Platycladi Cacumen; while Cu and Pb were negatively correlated with each other. The results indicated that the synergistic effect of heavy metal elements in roots and rhizomes and whole grasses were higher than that in fruits and leaves. There was a significant positive correlation between tanshinone and heavy metals As and Hg, which may be associated with the reaction between tanshinones in Salvia miltiorrhiza and As ions to produce complex. The detailed mechanism of metal complexes still requires further study.Keywords：traditional Chinese medicinal materials;heavy metals;index components;correlation analysis32|61|11<HTML><L-PDF>Updated：2024-01-04- Abstract：Objective: To establish the fingerprint of one year old, two years old Hedysari Radix and Astragalus Radix from Gansu province, in order to compare the similarity between them.Method: By HPLC-ELSD, Agilent ZROBAX-SBC18 (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) chromatographic column was adopted, with A water and B acetonitrile as the mobile phase, and eluted in a gradient mode. The column temperature was set at 35℃, and the sample volume was 15 μL. Evaporative light detector was Alltech ELSD 2000, the drift tube temperature was 110℃, carrier gas flow rate was 3.0 L · min-1.The fingerprint was established with 24 batches of Hedysari Radix and Astragalus Radix respectively.Result: The common peaks of one year old and two years old Hedysari Radix were 8 and 7, respectively, and the similarities were 0.923 and 0.825, respectively. There were six same peaks, which were respectively calycosin-7-glucoside, ononin, soybean saponin I, formononetin, isoastragaloside Ⅱ and astragaloside I. The common peaks of one year old and two years old Astragalus Radix were 25 and 17, respectively, and the similarities were 0.980 and 0.997, respectively. There were seven same peaks, which were calycosin-7-glucoside, ononin, calycosin, astragaloside Ⅳ, astragaloside Ⅲ, isoastragaloside Ⅱ and astragaloside I. The similarity was 0.032 between one year old Hedysari Radix and Astragalus Radix, and was 0.023 between two years old Hedysari Radix and Astragalus Radix. There were four common peaks, namely calycosin-7-glucoside, ononin and isoastragaloside Ⅱ and astragaloside I.Conclusion: The differences between one year old, two years old Hedysari Radix and Astragalus Radix medicinal herbs were obvious, and the two drugs could be effectively differentiated. There are a few common components between them, with a low similarity and great quality differences. Therefore, it is not suitable to substitute Hedysari Radix and Astragalus Radix with each other.Keywords：Hedysari Radix;Astragalus Radix;fingerprint;HPLC-ELSD27|51|6<HTML><L-PDF>Updated：2024-01-04
- Abstract：Objective: To study the chemical constituents from the aerial parts of Mesona chinensis, in order to explore the possibility of the homology between medicine and food.Method: The aerial parts of dry M. chinensis were extracted with 95% ethanol, then the solvent was decompressed and extracted with hexane and ethyl acetate respectively to get hexane fractions and ethyl acetate fractions. The ethyl acetate fractions were isolated and purified by column chromatography with silica gel, MCI and Sephadex LH-20, and their structures were identified by NMR and MS, physicochemical properties and reference literatures.Result: Thirteen compounds were isolated and identified as ursolic acid (1), oleanic acid (2), 2α,3α-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid (3), corosolic acid (4), 2α,3α,19α-trihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid (5), stigmasterol (6), β-sitosterol (7), kaempferol (8), quercetin (9), 3-indoleformic (10), aurantiamide acetate (11), heptadecanoic acid (12), palmitic acid (13).Conclusion: Compounds 3-5, 7, 10-13 were isolated from the plants of M. chinensis and Mesona for the first time.Keywords：Labiatae;Mesona chinensis;ursolic acid;stigmasterol;quercetin;3-indoleformic75|150|13<HTML><L-PDF>Updated：2024-01-04
- Abstract：Objective: To investigate the influence of coumarins from Angelicae Dahuricae Radix,such as imperatorin,isoimperatorin and oxypeucedanin,on intestinal transport and pharmacokinetics of vincristine sulfate in rats.Method: MDCK-MDR1 cell model was used to investigate the effect of imperatorin,isoimperatorin and oxypeucedanin on intestinal transport of vincristine sulfate.The drug plasma concentration was determined by LC-MS/MS at different time,and the effect of coumarins from Angelicae Dahuricae Radix on the pharmacokinetics of vincristine sulfate was investigated.Result: The apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) of vincristine sulfate compatibility of 10.80,5.42,1.35 mg · L-1 of imperatorin were (0.287 2±0.026 6)×10-6,(0.351 5±0.041 6)×10-6,(0.294 9±0.006 8)×10-6 cm · s-1,they had significant difference (P<0.05) when compared with Papp=(0.227 2±0.014 8)×10-6 cm · s-1 of vincristine sulfate.AUC0-t of vincristine sulfate compatibility of imperatorin,isoimperatorin and oxypeucedanin were (343.50±10.29),(348.70±27.99),(235.70±17.56) μg · h · L-1,their Cmax were (81.87±8.517),(83.01±9.276),(60.44±6.679) μg · L-1;there were significant difference (P<0.01) when compared with the control group of vincristine sulfate.Conclusion: Coumarins from Angelicae Dahuricae Radix can promote the transport absorption of vincristine sulfate and improve its bioavailability.Keywords：Angelicae Dahuricae Radix;MDCK-MDR1 cell model;coumarins;vincristine sulfate;intestinal transport;pharmacokinetics;P-glycoprotein30|57|1<HTML><L-PDF>Updated：2024-01-04
- Abstract：Objective: To observe the action mechanism of components of water extract from Qixue Bingzhi recipe(CWQB) for adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK) related glucose metabolism and fatty acid oxidation pathways in hypoxia/reoxygenation(H/R) myocardial cells.Method: The myocardial cells from 1-2 d newborn SD rats were separated and extracted. Morphology of primary cardiacmyocyte under different duration of culture was observed by an optical microscope. After α-actinin immunofluorescence identified cardiomyocytes, the H/R models were made by depriving oxygen for 3 hours and then regaining oxygen for 2 hours. Then the cardiomyocytes were randomly divided into four groups:control group (with normal oxygen), H/R group(the H/R model), trimetazidine (TMZ) group, and CWQB group.The H/R cardiomyocytes in TMZ group were treated by TMZ 100 μmol · L-1; H/R cardiomyocytesin CWQB group were treated by CWQB 1 μmol · L-1. Finally, the mRNA and proteinexpressions of adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase-α (AMPKα) together with its related glucose metabolism pathway including glucose transporter4 (GLUT4) and phosphate fructose kinase 2 (PFK2),fatty acid metabolism pathway including fatty acid translocase/CD36(FAT/CD36) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 (ACC2) were figured out by Real-time polymerase chain reaction(Real-time PCR)and Western blot.Result: As compared with the control group, both mRNA and proteinexpressions of AMPKα, GLUT4, PFK2 were increased, while ACC2, FAT/CD36 mRNA and proteinexpressions were decreased in H/R group, TMZ group, and CWQB group (P<0.05). As compared with H/R group, the mRNA and proteinexpressions of AMPKα, GLUT4, PFK2, ACC2 and FAT/CD36 were increased significantly in TMZ group and CWQB group (P<0.05). By the way,the up-regulation of mRNA and protein expressionsof AMPKα and FAT/CD36, as well as mRNA expressions of GLUT4 and PFK2 in TMZ group were more obvious than those in CWQB group(P<0.05).Conclusion: CWQB can activate the AMPK pathway in H/R cardiomyocytes, enhance glucose transport mediated by GLUT4 and glycolysis mediated by PFK2, promote the absorption of fatty acid adjusted by FAT/CD36, and inhibit its oxidation by up-regulating ACC2.Therefore, CWQB recipe can improve the utilization of energy materials in myocardial cells under H/R situation, and then optimize the energy metabolism to prevent damages caused by energy deficiency.Keywords：Qixue Bingzhi recipe (CWQB);hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R);cardiomyocytes;glucose metabolism and fatty acid oxidation;adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK)27|46|6<HTML><L-PDF>Updated：2024-01-04
- Abstract：Objective: To investigate the effects of liquiritin on ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced apoptosis of human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells).Method: Different concentrations of liquiritinwere used to treat HaCaT cells, and the methyl thiazolyltetrazolium(MTT) assay was used to screen the effective and safe concentration of liquiritin;light aging model was set up by the irradiation of ultraviolet radiation B (UVB) at irradiation dose of 30 mJ · cm-2. Then the activity of cells was determined by MTT method;the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the apoptosis of HaCaT cells were respectively measured by flow cytometry;the expression levels of cysteinyl aspartate-3(Caspase-3) and cysteinyl aspartate-9(Caspase-9) mRNA were determined by Real-time PCR method; and Western blot method was used to detect the effects of liquiritin on B-cell lymphoma 2(Bcl-2), Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 protein expression.Result: The optimal safe and effective concentrations of liquiritin were 1×10-7, 1×10-6, and 1×10-5 mol · L-1. As compared with the blank group,the cell proliferation rate was significantly decreased in the UVB group (P<0.01);the content of ROS and the total apoptosis rate of cells were significantly increased(P<0.01); the expression levels of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 mRNA were significantly increased (P<0.01);the expression level of Bcl-2 protein was significantly decreased (P<0.01), and the expression levels of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 protein were significantly increased (P<0.01). As compared with the UVB group,the cell proliferation rate of the (1×10-7, 1×10-6, and 1×10-5) mol · L-1liquiritin+UVB groups were significantly increased (P<0.01);the content of ROS and the total apoptosis rate of cells were significantly decreased (P<0.05, P<0.01); the expression levels of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 mRNA were significantly decreased(P<0.05, P<0.01);the expression level of Bcl-2 protein was significantly increased(P<0.05, P<0.01), and the expression levels of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 protein were significantly decreased (P<0.05, P<0.01).Conclusion: Liquiritin can promote the expression of anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2 protein, and decrease the expression of the apoptosis-related factors Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 mRNA and protein, thus inhibiting the apoptosis of HaCaT cells induced by UVB.Keywords：liquiritin;ultraviolet B;human keratinocytes;apoptosis;cysteinyl aspartate-3(Caspase-3);cysteinyl aspartate-9(Caspase-9);B-cell lymphoma 2(Bcl-2)21|72|3<HTML><L-PDF>Updated：2024-01-04
- Abstract：Objective: To observe the effect of Guiqi Congzhi decoction on expressions of Claudin-1, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in the hippocampus area of vascular dementia(VD) rats.Method: Ten rats were selected from 120 male wistar rats as sham-operation group according to random number table. The remaining rats were selected to prepare the VD model; then, the successfully modeled rats were randomly divided into model group, positive control group, and high, medium and low-dose Guiqi Congzhi decoction groups (9.9, 19.8, 39 g · kg-1 · d-1). The positive group was given Piracetam capsules (0.3 g · kg-1 · d-1). The sham operation group and the model group were given the equal amount of water, respectively. The medicines were administered once a day. All of the groups were intervened with the corresponding medicines through gastric perfusion once a day after modeling, which lasted for 28 days. Then, rats' behaviors were detected by Morris water maze, the protein expressions of Claudin-1 and TGF-β in hippocampus of rats were detected by IHC and Western blot, the mRNA expressions of Claudin-1 and TGF-β in hippocampus were detected by Real-time PCR.Result: Compared with sham-operation group, the average escaping latency period was significantly prolonged, and the number of cross-platform was decreased distinctly in VD rats (P<0.01), the mRNA and protein expressions of Claudin-1 were apparently increased in hippocampus of VD rats (P<0.05), the mRNA and protein expressions of TGF-β was apparently declined in hippocampus of VD rats (P<0.05); compared with VD model group, the average escaping latency period was shorted obviously, and the number of cross-platform was increased distinctly in middle-dose Guiqi Congzhi decoction group and positive control group (P<0.01), the mRNA and protein expressions of Claudin-1 were apparently increased in hippocampus of middle-dose Guiqi Congzhi decoction group (P<0.05), the mRNA and protein expressions of TGF-β was apparently increased in hippocampus of middle-dose Guiqi Congzhi decoction group and positive control group (P<0.05).Conclusion: Guiqi Congzhi decoction could improve the learning and memory abilities of VD rats. The mechanism may be correlated with the regulation of the adhesive effect between brain tissues and cells and the inhibition of the expressions of inflammatory factors.Keywords：varscular dementia;Guiqi Congzhi decoction;Claudin-1;transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)25|45|5<HTML><L-PDF>Updated：2024-01-04
- Abstract：Objective: To observe the protective effect of polysaccharides from Cordyceps cicadae on acute liver injury induced by D-galactosamine (D-GlaN) in mice, and to explore its mechanism.Method: Seventy-five male Kunming mice were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=15 for each group). The miceinnormal group were injected with saline solution intraperitoneally while the mice in model group were intraperitoneally injected with D-GlaN. The mice in polysaccharides from C. cicadae low dose, middle dose and high dose groups were intraperitoneally injected with D-GlaN and lavage treatment with polysaccharides from C. cicadae solution (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 g · kg-1 respectively). After 12 days of treatment, the mouse liver homogenate indexes[superoxide dismutase (SOD),malondialdehyde(MDA), glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px), nitric oxide(NO)], and serum markers[aspartate transaminase(AST), alanine transaminase(ALT), alkaline phosphatase(ALP), cholinesterase(CHE)]were detected together withthe liver tissue pathological scores in each groups. The expression levels of nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were detected in the liver tissues by immunohistochemistry.Result: The liver histopathological scores,MDA, NO, AST, ALT, ALP, NF-κB, and TNF-α in model group were significantly higher than those in normal group (P<0.05), while the levels of SOD, GSH-Px and CHE were significantly lower than those in normal group(P<0.05). The liver histopathological scores in the polysaccharides from C. cicadae low, middle and high dose groups were significantly lower than those in model group (P<0.05), moreover, the liver histopathological scores tended to decrease with the increase of therapeutic dose (P<0.05); the levels of MDA,NO, AST,ALT, ALP,NF-κB, and TNF-α in the low, middle and high dose groups were significantly lower than those in model group (P<0.05), while the levels of SOD, GSH-Px and CHE were significantly higher than those in the model group (P<0.05), and as the therapeutic dose increased, the levels of MDA, NO, AST, ALT, ALP, NF-κB and TNF-α were significantly decreased (P<0.05), while SOD, GSH-Px, CHE levels were significantly increased (P<0.05).Conclusion: Polysaccharides from C. cicadae may have protective effect on D-GlaN-induced acute liver injury in a dose-dependent manner, and its mechanismmay be related to the inhibition of NF-κB inflammatory signaling pathway.Keywords：polysaccharides from Cordyceps cicadae;acute liver injury;nuclear transcription factor-κB;tumor necrosis factor-α35|68|5<HTML><L-PDF>Updated：2024-01-04
- Abstract：Objective: To explore the role and mechanism of Wenyang Yiqi decoction on regulating lung structure remodeling in rats with heart failure after myocardial infarction.Method: The heart failure rat model was set up and the rats were divided into 6 groups:Wenyang Yiqi decoction high, middle, and low (2.0, 1.0, 0.5 g · kg-1 · d-1)dose groups, positive control group (prednisone 0.1 g · kg-1 · d-1),model group and sham operation group (gavage administration of the same volume of distilled water).All the groups were treated for eight weeks. After gavage administration, the color Doppler ultrasonic diagnostic instrument was used to measure left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVIDd), left ventricular end systolic diameter (LVIDs), short axial shortening fraction (FS) and ejection fraction (EF). The wet lung/body weight, dry lung/body weight were determined, and HE staining was used for lung tissue slice. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)was used to determinate the tissue growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), Collagen and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), p-Smad3 protein family (p-Smad3) protein expression.Result: As compared with the model group, the LVIDd and LVIDs of Wenyang Yiqi decoction high dose group and medium dose group were significantly increased; the FS and EF levels were significantly decreased(P<0.05); the wet lung/body weight and dry lung/body weight were significantly increased(P<0.05). The alveolar was seriously damaged and the wall of alveolar was thickened in the model group. There was no obvious alveolar rupture, no lymphocytic infiltration, and no collagen deposition in the sham operation group and prednisone group. There was light alveolar rupture and less collagen deposition in Wenyang Yiqi decoction high dose group and middle dose group; while in low dose group,there was obvious lymphocyte infiltration and thickened alveolar wall. As compared with the model group, the expression levels of α-SMA, Collagen, TGF-β1, and p-Smad3 of Wenyang Yiqi decoction high dose group and middle dose group were significantly decreased(P<0.05); and the mRNA of TGF-β1 and mRNA of p-Smad3 were also significantly decreased in the high dose and middle dose group (P<0.05). As compared with the sham operation group and prednisone group, the α-SMA, Collagen, TGF-β1, and p-Smad3 levels were significantly increased in Wenyang Yiqi decoction low dose group(P<0.05), and there was an positive relationship between TGF-β1 mRNA and TGF-β1, p-Smad3 mRNA, α-SMA, Collagen(P<0.05).Conclusion: Wenyang Yiqi decoction can block TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway signal transduction, inhibit the expression of protein including α-SMA, Collagen, TGF-β1 and p-Smad3, and then inhibit the activation of fibroblast proliferation, reduce the sedimentation of lung Collagen, and finally reach the role of inhibition of lung tissue remodeling.Keywords：Wenyang Yiqi decoction;transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1);myocardial infarction;heart failure;lung structure remodeling35|46|4<HTML><L-PDF>Updated：2024-01-04
- Abstract：Objective: To study the protective effect of Sedi Herba total flavanones and isorhamnetin on the acetaminophen (APAP)-induced injury of human normal hepatocytes (L02).Method: L02 cells were stimulated with different concentrations of APAP to prepare the injury model, and the effective stimulating concentration of APAP was screened. APAP-induced L02 cell injury models were thencopied, and the effect of Sedi Herba total flavanones and isorhamnetin on the activity of L02 cells induced by APAP was analyzed by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) method.The contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH), activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), andaspartate aminotransferase (AST) in supernatant were measured.Result: As compared with the normal group, the activity of L02 cells treated with different concentrations of APAP was significantly decreased, and the selected modeling condition was 10 mmol · L-1 for 24 h. The MDA content in the supernatant of the model group was increased and the GSH content was decreased, SOD and GSH-Px activity decreased, AST and ALT levels increased(P<0.05,P<0.01). As compared with the model group, the Sedi Herba total flavanones and isorhamnetin could significantly increase the survival rate of APAP-injured cells, decrease the content of MDA, increase the content of GSH, increase the activity of SOD and GSH-Px activity, and lower the release of ALT and AST(P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusion: The Sedi Herba total flavanones and isorhamnetin have a good protective effect on APAP-injured L02 cells.Keywords：Sedi Herba;total flavanones;isorhamnetin;acetaminophen (APAP);L02 cells44|55|7<HTML><L-PDF>Updated：2024-01-04
- Abstract：Objective: To observe the protective effect and of pretreatment with glycyrrhizic acid on myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury (MIRI) in rats and expressions of B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax).Method: Fifty SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group (Sham group), myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury group (MIRI group), low-dose group, middle-dose group, and high-dose group. The myocardium ischemia reperfusion injury model in rats was established through ligation of the left anterior descending of the coronary artery. Rats in Sham group were not ligated after threading. Rats in MIRI group were administered with saline at the dose of 2 mg · kg-1 through intraperitoneal injection 30 minutes before ischemia. Low-dose group, middle-dose group and high-dose group were administered with glycyrrhizic acid at doses of 2, 4 and 10 mg · kg-1 through intraperitoneal injection 30 minutes before ischemia. The pathological histologic changes in myocardial tissues were observed under optical microscope. Creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB) activity, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, cardiac troponin-T (cTnT), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) were detected. Apoptotic index of myocardial cells was detected by terminal dexynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL), and expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax in cardiac muscle tissues were detected by Western blot.Result: Compared with MIRI group, myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in rats was reduced significantly in low-dose group, middle-dose group and high-dose group. Compared with MIRI group, CK-MB activity, LDH activity, cTnT, TNF-α, IL-6, MPO activity and MDA were significantly reduced in low-dose group, middle-dose group and high-dose group (P<0.05, P<0.01), while SOD activity and GSH-Px activity were significantly elevated in low-dose group, middle-dose group and high-dose group (P<0.05, P<0.01). Compared with MIRI group, apoptotic index of myocardial cells was significantly reduced in low-dose group, middle-dose group and high-dose group (P<0.01). Compared with MIRI group, expression of Bcl-2 in cardiac muscle tissues and ratio of Bcl-2, Bax were significantly elevated in low-dose group, middle-dose group and high-dose group (P<0.05, P<0.01), while expression of Bax in cardiac muscle tissues was significantly reduced in low-dose group, middle-dose group and high-dose group (P<0.01).Conclusion: Glycyrrhizic acid has a protective effect on myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in rats by inhibiting apoptosis of myocardial cells, and can elevate expression of Bcl-2 and reduce expression of Bax in cardiac muscle tissues.Keywords：glycyrrhizic acid;myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury;apoptosis;B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2(Bcl-2);Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax)31|42|5<HTML><L-PDF>Updated：2024-01-04
- Abstract：Objective: To observe the effect of paeonol (Pae) combined with Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) on myocardial fibrosis in rats with diabetes mellitus.Method: Diabetic cardiomyopathy model was induced by high fat and high glucose feeding combined with intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin(STZ). According to the two factors and five levels uniform design method, the myocardial collagen volume fraction measured by Masson staining in myocardial tissue was used as the observation index, and the best combination dose of paeonol and PNS in diabetic cardiomyopathy rats was determined by multiple regression analysis. The 2×2 factorial design test was used to analyze the interaction between Pae and PNS. The blank group, model group, Pae group (80 mg · kg-1), PNS group (100 mg · kg-1), Pae(80 mg · kg-1)+PNS (100 mg · kg-1) group, and metformin (157.5 mg · kg-1) group were established in this study. Then their body weight, heart weight index (HWI), blood glucose (FBG), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase isoenzyme MB (CK-MB), malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in myocardial tissues were detected, and the distribution of myocardial collagen was observed by Masson staining.Result: It was found that the combination of Pae (80 mg · kg-1) and PNS (100 mg · kg-1) had the best effect and synergistic effect on diabetic cardiomyopathy. As compared with the normal group, the contents of HWI, FBG, LDH, AST, CK-MB and MDA in the model group were increased, the activity of SOD and body weight were decreased significantly(P<0.05), while the myocardial collagen fiber was significantly increased in Masson staining (P<0.05). As compared with the model group, the contents of HWI, FBG, LDH, AST, CK-MB and MDA in the model group were decreased. The activity of SOD increased and body weight increased significantly (P<0.05), and the myocardial collagen fiber was significantly decreased in Masson staining (P<0.05).There was significant difference between combined group and single herb group (P<0.05).Conclusion: The combination of Pae and PNS has the effect of anti-myocardial fibrosis, and has a certain improvement in diabetic cardiomyopathy, which may be related to the inhibition of oxidative stress.Keywords：paeonol;panax notoginseng saponins;diabetic;myocardial fibrosis36|44|10<HTML><L-PDF>Updated：2024-01-04
- Abstract：Objective: To explore the intervention effect and the underlying mechanism of modified Shaoyao Gancaotang on polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in rats.Method: SD female rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group, low, middle and high-dose modified Shaoyao Gancaotang groups (12.5, 25.0, 50.0 g · kg-1 · d-1) and Diane-35 group (0.001 g · kg-1 · d-1), with 6 rats in each group. The rats in normal group received distilled water, while all of the other rats were treated with letrozole (0.001 g · kg-1 · d-1) for 21 days to induce the PCOS model. Diane-35 and different concentrations of modified Shaoyao Gancaotang were given by gavage for two weeks after modeling, and the equal volume of distilled water was given by gavage to normal group and model group. After treatment with drugs, the estrus cycle was determined by vaginal smears, the morphological changes were inspected by ovarian biopsy, the serum hormone level was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the protein expression of aquaporin-9 (AQP-9) was detected by Western blot technique.Result: Model group showed an irregular estrous cycle with increased body weight and ovarian weight; the ovaries showed plenty of cystic dilating follicles as well as fewer granulosa cells, without oocyte and corona radiating in the follicles; the serum levels of androgen and luteinizing hormone of PCOS rats were significantly increased (P<0.05), whereas the levels of estrogen and progesterone were significantly decreased (P<0.05). Compared with model group, modified Shaoyao Gancaotang groups showed decreased body weight and ovarian weight in a dose-dependent manner; serum levels of androgen and luteinizing hormone reduced, whereas the serum levels of estrogen and progesterone were increased. Moreover, modified Shaoyao Gancaotang was associated with AQP-9 expression in ovaries.Conclusion: Modified Shaoyao Gancaotang could intervene polycystic ovaries and hyperandrogenism in PCOS rats, and the underlying mechanism may be correlated with the up-regulation of AQP-9 expression in granulosa cells.Keywords：polycystic ovary syndrome;modified Shaoyao Gancaotang;aquaporin-9;hyperandrogenism33|42|2<HTML><L-PDF>Updated：2024-01-04
- Abstract：Objective: To explore the radiosensitization effect of Shengmai Jianghuang powder on human nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE-2 cell in nude mice and the effect on the expressions of cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6) proteins, in order to explore the mechanism of radiosensitization.Method: The tumor-bearing mice were randomly divided into 7 groups:control group, irradiation group, Shengmai Jianghuang powder group, Shengmai Jianghuang powder and irradiation combined group, cisplatin and irradiation combined group. Shengmai Jianghuang powder group, Shengmai Jianghuang powder and irradiation combined group were divided into high and low-dose subgroups with the concentration of 12.87,4.29 g · kg-1 respectively. The maximal diameter of the transplanted tumor was measured every other day after treatment, and the tumor volume inhibition rate and the tumor inhibition rate were calculated. The protein expression of CDK6 was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. The mRNA expression of CDK6 was detected by Real-time PCR.Result: Compared with the control group, the tumor growth was inhibited to a certain extent. Compared with the irradiation group, the growth of tumor was significantly inhibited in the high-concentration Shengmai Jianghuang powder and irradiation combined group and the cisplatin and irradiation combined group, with the tumor volume inhibition rates of 54.94% and 64.9%, respectively. Immunohistochemistry, Western blot and Real-time PCR showed significant differences in the expression of CDK6 between the high-concentration Shengmai Jianghuang powder and irradiation combined group and the cisplatin and irradiation combined group (P<0.05).Conclusion: Shengmai Jianghuang powder has a radiosensitizing effect on human nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE-2 cells in nude mice, which may be related to the cell cycle regulatory factor CDK6.Keywords：nasopharyngeal carcinoma;transplantation tumor;nude mice;Shengmai Jianghuang powder;radiosensitization34|68|2<HTML><L-PDF>Updated：2024-01-04
- Abstract：Objective: To observe the effect of Jianpi Xiaoai prescription on the expressions of microRNA-21 (miR-21), phasphatase and tensin homo-log deleted in chromosome 10 (PTEN) in colon cancer HCT116 cells, in order to investigate the possible mechanism of Jianpi Xiaoai prescription on the metastasis of colon cancer.Method: After the treatment with drug serum (10%, 15% and 20%), Real-time PCR was used to detect the mRNA expressions of miR-21, PTEN, and the protein expression of PTEN was detected by Western blot.Result: Compared with control group, the relative mRNA expression of miR-21 was decreased, while the relative mRNA expression of PTEN was significantly increased in the low-dose Jianpi Xiaoai prescription group. Compared with control group, the relative mRNA expression of miR-21 in high-dose group was statistically lower, while the mRNA relative expression of PTEN in high-dose group was higher (P<0.05). Compared with the low and middle-dose groups, the relative mRNA expression of miR-21 in high-dose group was decreased, while the relative mRNA expression of PTEN was significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with control group, the relative protein expression of PTEN in high-dose group was significantly higher than that in low-dose group (P<0.05). The relative protein expression of PTEN in high-dose group was higher than that in low-dose group and middle-dose groups (P<0.05).Conclusion: Jianpi Xiaoai prescription can inhibit the proliferation of colon cancer by reducing the expression of miR-21 and improving the expression of anti-cancer protein PTEN.Keywords：Jianpi Xiaoai prescription;colon cancer;HCT116 cell;microRNA-21(miR-21);phasphatase and tensin homo-log deleted in chromosome 10(PTEN)41|76|5<HTML><L-PDF>Updated：2024-01-04
- Abstract：Objective: To observe the effect of Jianpi Xiaoai prescription and its decomposed recipes on the body weight, tumors, metastasis rate and expressions of Caspase-3, B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-xL (Bcl-xL) and Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) in colorectal cancer model nude mice.Method: The colorectal cancer model was established, and divided into control group, the Jianpi Yiqi group (15 g · kg-1), the Huayu Jiedu group (15 g · kg-1), the Jianpi Xiaoai prescription group (omni-recipe group, 15 g · kg-1) and the 5-fluorouracil group (5-Fu, 20 mg · kg-1). The body weight, tumor inhibition rate and metastasis rate were observed, and the protein expressions of Caspase-3, Bcl-xL, and Bax of nude mice were detected by Western blot after the corresponding drug intervention for 4 weeks.Result: The weight loss of the Jianpi Yiqi group and the omni-recipe group was less than that of control group (P<0.05), Huayu Jiedu group' weight loss was higher than that of control group (P<0.05). The Jianpi Yiqi group had no statistical differences from control group in tumor inhibition rate; the Huayu Jiedu group and the omni-recipe group had a better tumor inhibition rate (P<0.05). All of the groups had different degrees of metastasis. Specifically, the control group and the Jianpi Yiqi group had the overall metastasis rate of 90%, and the Huayu Jiedu group and the omni-recipe group had the metastasis rate of 70% and 60%, respectively, both of which were lower than that of control group (P<0.05). Compared with control group, the Huayu Jiedu group and the omni-recipe group showed increase in the protein expression of Bax, and decrease in the protein expressions of Caspase-3, Bcl-xL (P<0.01).Conclusion: The Jianpi Yiqi group shows a stable weight, while the Huayu Jiedu group shows inhibitions in tumor and metastasis. The omni-recipe group shows a stable weight and inhibitions in tumor and metastasis, with the best effect. The antitumor mechanism of Jianpi Xiaoai prescription may be correlated with the up-regulation in expressions of apoptosis-associated proteins Bax and the down-regulation in Caspase-3, Bcl-xL induced apoptosis of tumor cells.Keywords：colorectal cancer;Jianpi Xiaoai prescription;Caspase-3;B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-xL;Bcl-2-associated X protein45|51|3<HTML><L-PDF>Updated：2024-01-04
Effect of Jianpi Xiaoai Prescription on TGF-/lncRNA-ATB/miR-200a Signal Pathway in Colorectal Cancer
Abstract：Objective: To observe the effect of Jianpi Xiaoai prescription (JPXAD) on the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/long noncoding RNA-ATB (lncRNA-ATB)/microRNA 200a (miR-200a) signal pathway in colon cancer cells SW620, in order to study the anti-metastatic effect of JPXAD in colorectal cancer.Method: The 10%, 15%, 20% JPXAD-containing serum was given to SW620 cells after the treatment with TGF-β, Real-time PCR was applied to detect the mRNA expressions of lncRNA-ATB, miR-200a and Zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1(ZEB1), and Western blot was used to determine the protein expression of ZEB1.Result: Compared with the control group, the relative expression of lncRNA-ATB in the TGF-β group increased, while the relative expression of miR-200a decreased, and the relative mRNA expression of ZEB1 increased significantly (P<0.01); compared with the TGF-β group, the expression level of lncRNA-ATB in low-dose JPXAD group decreased, while miR-200a increased, and ZEB1 decreased significantly (P<0.05); compared with the TGF-β group, the expression level of lncRNA-ATB in median-and high-dose JPXAD groups decreased, while miR-200a increased, and ZEB1 decreased significantly (P<0.01). Compared with control group, the relative protein expression of ZEB1 in the TGF-β group increased significantly (P<0.05); compared with the TGF-β group, the protein expression of ZEB1 in low-dose JPXAD group decreased slightly; compared with the TGF-β group, the protein expression of ZEB1 in median-and high-dose JPXAD groups decreased significantly (P<0.01).Conclusion: JPXAD may inhibit the metastasis of colorectal cancer by inhibiting the expression of lncRNA-ATB induced by TGF-β, increasing the expression of miR-200 and decreasing the protein expression of ZEB1.Keywords：Jianpi Xiaoai prescription;SW620 cell;transforming growth factor-β;long noncoding RNA-ATB;microRNA 200a31|48|6<HTML><L-PDF>Updated：2024-01-04- Abstract：Objective: To investigate the changes in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), endostatin (ES), angiogenesis factors (ANG), angiostatin (AS), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and tissue metalloproteinase inhibitor (TIMP) in tissues of nude mice with rectal cancer metastasis model, and the intervention mechanism of Jianpi Xiaoai prescription.Method: HCT116 cells were injected into the BALB/C-nu nude mice, so as to establish the model of colorectal cancer metastasis. The model nude mice were divided into model group and Jianpi Xiaoai prescription group; and control group was also set up. After 4 weeks of administration, the expression of vascular factor in colon, liver, lung and tumor tissues of nude mice was measured by Western blot.Result: VEGF, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 of colon, liver, lung and tumor tissues in HCT116 rectal cancer model nude mice increased significantly (P<0.05, P<0.01); ANG in colon, liver and tumor tissues was significantly increased (P<0.05, P<0.01); ES was significantly lower in colon, lung and tumor tissues, while as significantly reduced in liver, lung and tumor tissues (P<0.05). Colon MMP-9, tumor TIMP, liver tissue ANG, MMP-9 and lung tissue VEGF were significantly decreased in Jianpi Xiaoai prescription group, whereas AS was significantly increased (P<0.05) in lung tissues.Conclusion: The expressions of VEGF, ANG and MMP-9 of colon, liver, lung and tumor tissues in HCT116 colorectal cancer model nude mice increase, while ES, AS reduce, and TIMP rose. Jianpi Xiaoai prescription can comprehensively improve the anti-tumor angiogenesis capacity.Keywords：Jianpi Xiaoai prescription;colorectal cancer metastasis;vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF);endostatin (ES);angiogenesis factors (ANG);angiostatin (AS);matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9);tissue metalloproteinase inhibitor (TIMP)28|43|3<HTML><L-PDF>Updated：2024-01-04
- Abstract：Objective: To observe the effect of polyphyllin Ⅰ on the protein expression of Caspase-3 in the apoptosis of colon cancer HCT116 cells and apoptosis-related protein Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) and B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), in order to investigate the inhibitory effect of polyphyllin Ⅰ on the metastasis of colorectal cancer.Method: Cell counting kit-8(CCK-8) experiment was performed for the detection of the cell growth inhibition effect; flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis rate of HCT116 cells after the treatment with polyphyllin Ⅰ; and Western blot was used to detect the expression of apoptosis-related proteins (Bax, Bcl-2 and Caspase-3).Result: Polyphyllin Ⅰ can inhibit the growth of HCT116 cells in a concentration and time-dependent manner, and promote the apoptosis of HCT116 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control group and the low-concentration polyphyllin Ⅰ group, the expressions of Bax and cleaved Caspase-3 were increased in the high-concentration polyphyllin Ⅰ group, and the protein expression of Bcl-2 was decreased (P<0.05).Conclusion: Polyphyllin Ⅰ can inhibit the growth of HCT116 cells and promote the apoptosis of HCT116 cells. Its mechanism in promoting HCT116 cell apoptosis may be related to the decrease of the expression of the mitochondrial pathway-associated apoptosis factor Bcl-2, increase of the protein expressions of Bax and mitochondrial pathway downstream Caspase-3.Keywords：polyphyllin Ⅰ;colorectal cancer;HCT116 cancer cell;apoptosis25|35|11<HTML><L-PDF>Updated：2024-01-04
- Abstract：Objective: To investigate the effect of Jianpi Xiaoai prescription on the expressions of proteins related to phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signal pathway in liver tissues of nude mice model of colorectal cancer with liver metastasis, in order to explore the mechanism in antagonizing the liver metastasis of colorectal cancer.Method: Ten BALB/C-nu nude mice were randomly selected as the control group. The remaining mice were used to establish the model of colon cancer with liver metastasis. Three days after modeling, 30 survived nude mice were collected and divided into model group, Jianpi Xiaoai prescription group (41.6 g · kg-1) and Rg3 group (5.2 mg · kg-1). After the mice were given the corresponding drugs and physiological saline by gavage for 4 weeks, the protein expressions of chromosome 10 homologous phosphatase and tension protein gene (PTEN), phosphorylation chromosome 10 homologous phosphatase and tension protein gene (p-PTEN), Akt, phosphorylation protein kinase B (p-Akt) in liver tissues were evaluated by Western blot.Result: The liver metastasis rate and the expressions of p-PTEN, p-Akt in liver tissues of Jianpi Xiaoai prescription group and Rg3 group were significantly lower than those in model group (P<0.05). The expressions of p-PTEN, p-Akt in liver tissues were significantly higher than those of control group (P<0.05); but there was no significant difference between Jianpi Xiaoai prescription group and positive control group. The expression of PTEN, Akt in model group were significantly lower than control group(P<0.05). The expressions of PTEN, Akt in Jianpi Xiaoai prescription group and positive control group were significantly higher than those in model group (P<0.05), there was no significant difference between Jianpi Xiaoai prescription group and Rg3 group.Conclusion: Jianpi Xiaoai prescription could reduce the liver metastasis rate of colorectal cancer, the mechanism may increase the expression of PTEN in liver tissues, and down-regulate the expressions of p-PTEN, p-Akt.Keywords：Jianpi Xiaoai prescription;colorectal cancer;liver metastasis;phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) pathway23|54|6<HTML><L-PDF>Updated：2024-01-04
- Abstract：Colorectal cancer has the highest incidence among malignant digestive tract tumors, with a low survival rate in five years. In recent years, with the changes in diet structure, its incidence has increased in China year by year, and become a serious threat to human health. Therefore, it is of great significance to study its occurrence and development mechanisms and effective prevention and treatment methods. Exosomes are a type of secretory vesicles with a diameter of about 30-100 nm secreted by cells, and carry specific molecules on surface. They can be internalized through receptor-ligand binding or endocytosis, or fused with the target cell membrane, then release substances into target cells, and induce target cells to change their physiological state, so as to play an important role in intercellular exchanges. In tumor tissues, exosomes, as an important component in tumor microenvironment, can promote colorectal cancer epithelial-mesenchymal transition, guide specific metastasis of tumor cells among organs, induce drug resistance of colorectal cancer cells, and participate in the anti-tumor immunity effect by promoting tumor angiogenesis. Therefore, further study of exosomes in colorectal cancer is conducive to finding the effective methods to prevent and treat colorectal cancer. Meanwhile, because exosomes usually contain a variety of specific molecules, they are expected to be ideal tumor markers in the diagnosis and prognosis of colorectal cancer. Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) therapy takes ‘overall concept’ and ‘treatment based on syndrome differentiation’ as the basic principle, take effect through multiple links, multiple channels and multiple targets, plays an important role in reducing the recurrence and metastasis rate of colorectal cancer and improving the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer, and has become an important component of the comprehensive therapy of colorectal cancer. Exosomes widely affects the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer, which is consistent with TCM therapy for colorectal cancer in multiple links, multiple pathways and multi-targets. From this perspective, a more comprehensive study may be made on the mechanisms of TCM for the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer.Keywords：colon cancer;rectal cancer;exosome;extracellular vesicle;advance in study33|60|0<HTML><L-PDF>Updated：2024-01-04
- Abstract：Objective: To study the potential hepatotoxicity of Epimedii Folium and explore the reasons for toxicity by the study of the hepatotoxic effect of Epimedii Folium on rats.Method: The experiment was performed by uniform design, and the study factors included original plant, process, dose and course. A total of 220 SD rats were randomly divided as the normal group and the drug group, with 20 in each group, half male and female. The rats were given the corresponding drugs and observed; and on a regular basis, the weight and food intake were determined twice a week. After the administration of each course, the rats were anesthetized with 1% pentobarbital, and blood was collected from abdominal aorta and used to detect the blood biochemical indexes related to liver function. The livers were weighted, and the ratio of liver to brain and body was calculated; and then the livers were made into paraffin sections and histopathologically scored after hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. The statistical differences between normal control group and drug groups were compared. With the histopathologic score as the gold indicator and other indicators for reference, the effects of each factor on the potential hepatotoxicity were evaluated by regression analysis.Result: Compared with normal group, the animals in group 6 and 8 showed significant differences in indirect bilirubin (DBIL), γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT), total bilirubin (TBIL), the liver weight and the ratio of liver to brain (P<0.05), and had a higher liver pathological score, which indicated a severer hepatotoxicity. After the regression and comprehensive analysis, under the experiment conditions, epimedium koreanum nakai and epimedium wushanense had a stronger toxicity, the process was negatively correlated with the liver damage degrees, the dose and course were positively correlated, and females were more seriously damaged than males.Conclusion: Epimedium koreanum nakai and epimedium wushanense have a potential hepatotoxicity, which is closely correlated with the four factors. The potential hepatotoxicity of Epimedii Folium shall be given more attention in clinical application and drug development.Keywords：Epimedii Folium;potential toxicity of traditional Chinese medicine;hepatotoxicity;uniform design;regression analysis35|47|14<HTML><L-PDF>Updated：2024-01-04
- Abstract：Objective: To investigate the efficacy of new Guanxin Suhe Huoxue decoction in treating chronic stable angina pectoris (SAP) with syndrome of cold and cold stagnation and observe its effect on serum levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), periostin and cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1).Method: One hundred and eighteen patients with chronic SAP were selected and randomly divided into control group 59 cases and observation group 59 cases. Both groups received routine western medicine according to Guideline for Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Stable Angina. Observation group was also given with new Guanxinsuhe Huoxue decoction, 1 dose/time, bid. Both groups were treated for 12 weeks. Symptom scores of syndrome of cold and cold stagnation, attack frequency and degree of angina pectoris, quality of life scores in Seattle Angina Questionnaiire (SAQ), and efficacy were compared between two groups. Blood lipid levels were detected in both groups by fully automatic biochemical analyser before and after treatment; and the serum levels of ROS, periostin and CT-1 were also measured in two groups.Result: As compared to control group, the symptom scores of syndrome of cold and cold stagnation, frequency of angina pectoris, and attack duration of angina pectoris were significantly reduced, while scores of SAQ life quality indexes were obviously increased in patients with new Guanxinsuhe Huoxue decoction (P<0.01). The total efficacy was 93.1% in observation group better than 77.19% in control group (P<0.05). After treatment, as compared to control group, the levels of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in observation group were obviously decreased, while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was higher (P<0.01). Serum levels of ROS, periostin, and CT-1 in the observation group were evidently lower than those in control group (P<0.01).Conclusion: New Guanxin Suhe Huoxue decoction can improve clinical symptoms of traditional Chinese medicine and life quality, alleviate the degree of angina pectoris attacks, and increase efficacy in treating chronic stable angina pectoris with cold and cold stagnation syndrome. One of its mechanisms may be associated with inhibiting levels of ROS, periostin and CT-1.Keywords：new Guanxin Suhe Huoxue decoction;chronic stable angina pectoris;syndrome of cold and cold stagnation;reactive oxygen species;periostin;cardiotrophin-124|50|5<HTML><L-PDF>Updated：2024-01-04
- Abstract：Objective: To investigate efficacy of Jieyu Tongluo decoction in treating depression after ischemic stroke and its influence on neuroimmune inflammatory markers.Method: One hundred and twelve cases with depression after ischemic stroke were elected and randomly divided into observation group (56 cases) and control group (56 cases) by referring to random number table.Both groups received conventional intervention by referring to ‘Chinese stroke rehabilitation treatment guidelines’.Cases of control group were orally given with paroxetine hydrochloride,20 mg/day at beginning,10 mg increasing per week,and maximum dose ≤ 40 mg/day.On basis of control group,observation group was given with Jieyu Tongluo decoction,1 dose/day.Two groups were observed for 6 weeks.Scores of depression self rating scale(SDS),HAMD factors,and efficacy were compared in both groups.Serum levels of interleukin(IL) -1β,IL-2,IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor(TNF) -α,plasma levels of corticosteroid release hormone(CRH),corticosteroid (ACTH) and cortisol(Cor) and levels of CD3+,CD4+,CD8+ were detected in two groups.Result: After 3 weeks and 6 weeks treatment,SDS score of observation group was lower than that of control group(P<0.01).HAMD factors scores of observation group were lower than those of control group after treatment(P<0.01).Total effective of observation group was 88.89%,which was evidently higher than 71.7% of control group (P<0.05).After treatment,serum levels of IL-1β,IL-2,IL-6 and TNF-α and plasma levels of CRH,ACTH and Cor of control group were remarkably lower than those of control group (P<0.01).After treatment CD3+ and CD4+ of observation group were obviously higher,while CD8+ was lower,than control group(P<0.01).Conclusion: Efficacy of Jieyu Tongluo decoction in treating depression after ischemic stroke is significant and may improve depression after ischemic stroke through inhibiting inflammatory factor index level,regulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis(HPA) function,and increase cellular immune function.Keywords：Jieyu Tongluo decoction;stroke;depression;neuroimmune inflammatory markers25|48|3<HTML><L-PDF>Updated：2024-01-04
- Abstract：In the past,most researches on the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) industry chain were based on the research of traditional enterprises in the industrial age,and focused on the connotations,characteristics,existing problems,organizational model and optimization,and so on.Because the industrial chain of TCM involves a wide range of industries,its structure is complex and the information in the chain is seriously asymmetrical,there is still a large gap in the vertical and horizontal refinement.And in the internet age,internet thinking can make TCM industry chain return to the nature of business,return to the nature of industrial chain.Further,how to play the synergistic value of industry,how to balance the different interests,how to re-examine the industrial chain and the whole business ecology and then to integrate the industrial chain is very important.Taking internet thinking and platform business model,the horizontal integration of the wholesale enterprises in the circulation of TCM industry chain can effectively solve the four major pain points of the industry,improve the operation ability and the profit level of the enterprise,the most important is the application value of big data by connecting,financial services arising from pools of capital on the platform,these will be geometric multiples of capital value created for the platform.Keywords：industrial chain;traditional Chinese medicine industry chain;internet thinking;platform;horizontal consolidation;circulation link35|57|3<HTML><L-PDF>Updated：2024-01-04
- Abstract：Objective: To elucidate the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) names of Chrysanthemi Flos through a textual study on the literal meaning of Chrysanthemi Flos.Method: Dictionaries and Chinese herbal medicine books between the Han dynasty and the Qing dynasty were consulted for a textual study on the meaning and origin of the name of Chrysanthemi Flos.Result: ‘蘜 (Ju)’ is interpreted as the TCM name of Chrysanthemi Flos, and ‘菊 (Ju)’ is interpreted as the Da ju(大菊), and Qu mai(蘧麦), which now refers to TCM Dianthi Herba, in the Erya and Shuo Wenjiezi and Yupian (《玉篇》) and Jiyun. This is consistent with plant drawings in the photolithographs of the Erya of the Song dynasty. In the Guangyun, a dictionary of the Song dynasty, it is mistakenly believed that ‘鞠 (Ju)’ and ‘菊’ in Liji were the same. Actually, 鞠 and 蘜 are variant Chinese characters. 菊 has been used to refer to Chrysanthemi Flos in the Chinese herbal medicine books after the Guangyun. Till the Qing dynasty, Duan Yu-cai restated that 菊 referred to the TCM Dianthi Herba, and ju(蘜) referred to the TCM Chrysanthemi Flos in the Shuowen Jiezi Zhu, and 蘜 is interpreted as 蘜 in the Zhengzitong. The 菊花 glyph has been adopted in the Chinese herbal medicine books since the Zhongxiu Zhenghe Jingshi Zhenglei Bencao. However, because the literal meaning of 蘜 expresses the characteristics of the plant morphology, it is more suitable to be used as the name of the TCM Chrysanthemi Flos.Conclusion: By comparing between the ancient literatures and previous Chinese herbal medicine books, illuminating the literal meanings, distinguishing clearly the relationship between the literal meaning and the TCM names and finding out the reasons for changes the name, this study provides the reference value for consulting ancient literatures and books in studying Chinese herbal medicines.Keywords：Chrysanthemi Flos;traditional Chinese medicine name;textual research34|71|3<HTML><L-PDF>Updated：2024-01-04
- Abstract：To study the chemical composition, pharmacological action and the existing clinical application of purslane, in order to provide a reference for the basic study and development of medicinal properties of purslane. The author conducted a combined retrieval of the key word of ‘Portulaca olerace’ in literatures of Scifinder®, Pub Med, China Knowledge Network, Weipu and other databases between January 1993 and May 2017, and summarized the status quo of purslane in four aspects, namely chemical composition, pharmacological effects, clinical and development and utilization. Portulaca is both a medicine and food full of nutriments, and widely distributed in temperate and tropical areas in north and south China. In terms of the chemical composition, purslane mainly contains alkaloids, terpenoids, coumarins, flavonoids, organic acids, volatile oil and polysaccharides, including eight new compounds; in the aspect of pharmacological effects, purslane has anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antibacterial, hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic, anti-tumor, anti-oxidation, anti-aging, immunity enhancing, anti-fatigue, anticonvulsant, and cough and asthma relieving effects, is mainly used for the treatment of diabetes, inflammation, pruritus, gastrointestinal protection, nasal boil and other diseases. In terms of the development and utilization, purslane is mainly applied in drugs, healthcare food, cosmetics, daily necessities and animal feed, with a good development prospect.Keywords：Portulaca oleracea;chemical composition;pharmacological effect;clinical application;development and utilization123|91|17<HTML><L-PDF>Updated：2024-01-04
